Civil Engineering knowledge, Interview questions, Notes and videos.

  What are the different types of dams? Arch  Dam. A concrete or  masonry  dam, which is curved upstream so as to transmit the major part of the water load to the abutments. ... Buttress Dam. ... Coffer Dam. ... Diversion Dam. ... Embankment Dam. ... Gravity Dam. ... Hydropower  Dam. ... Industrial Waste Dam. Which is the biggest dam of world? Three Gorges Dam Three Gorges Dam , China is the world's largest hydroelectric facility. In 2012,  the Three Gorges Dam  in China took over the #1 spot of the largest hydroelectric dam (in electricity production), replacing the Itaipú hydroelectric power plant in Brazil and Paraguay. Which is the longest dam in India? Hirakud Dam Hidden Worlds And Stories Of Progress At  Hirakud Dam , Odisha.  Hirakud  is the longest earthen Dam in the world and stands across the mighty river, Mahanadi, in the  Sambalpur  region of Odisha. It was the first major multipurpose river valley project after India's Independence in 1947.

                                                                     Hydraulic jump practical part-1 Loss of Kinetic Energy. The velocity of subcritical flow is less than supercritical flow. The depth of subcritical flow is greater than the depth of supercritical flow. Calculation part For discharge= Q= volume/time Q= A * V Q= b * Y1 * V1 Q= b * Y2 * V2 Fr1 = V/ root ( g*y1) loss of enenrgy= (y2-y1)^3 ------------- 4y1*y2 A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon in the science of hydraulics that is frequently observed in open channel flow such as rivers and spillways. When liquid at high velocity discharges into a zone of lower velocity, a rather abrupt rise occurs in the liquid surface. Types of Hydraulic Jumps – Based on Froude's Number: Undular Hydraulic Jump – Froude Number (1 to 3): ... Weak Jump – Froude Number (3 to 6) ... Oscillating Hydraulic Jump – Froude Number (6-20) ... Ste

                            To find out manning's constant and chezy's constant practically in the Lab Both formulae are empirical, but the Manning formula is widely accepted as more accurate and is the base formula still in current use for all open channel flow analysis. Manning’s formula was proposed by Robert Manning (an Irish engineer) to calculate uniform flow in the open channels. It is probably the most widely used uniform-flow formula around the world. Its extensive usage is due to the following reasons: (i) The majority of open channel flows lies in the rough turbulent region; (ii) It is simple in form and the formula is well proven by much practical experience. Manning’s formula shall not be applied in situations where the Reynolds number effect is predominant. For the Chezy formula, it is less commonly used owing to insufficient information to find out equivalent roughness and it is not backed by sufficient experimental and field data. However, in smooth boundar

                                                           Drag and Lift force practical. This video tells about how to calculate Drag and lift force in the wind tunnel. A fluid flowing around the surface of an object exerts a force on it. Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction.[1] It contrasts with the drag force, which is the component of the force parallel to the flow direction. Lift conventionally acts in an upward direction in order to counter the force of gravity, but it can act in any direction at right angles to the flow. Video link https://youtu.be/jVaF2-d-vLE Filename Drag and Lift force practical.mp4

hydraulic jump A  hydraulic jump  is a phenomenon in the science of  hydraulics  that is frequently observed in open channel flow such as rivers and spillways. When liquid at high velocity discharges into a zone of lower velocity, a rather abrupt rise occurs in the liquid surface. What causes a hydraulic jump? A  hydraulic jump  occurs when the upstream flow is supercritical (F>1). To have a  jump , there must be a flow impediment downstream. The downstream impediment could be a weir, a bridge abutment, a dam, or simply channel friction. Water depth increases during a  hydraulic jump  and energy is dissipated as turbulence. How do you calculate hydraulic jump? How do you calculate hydraulic jump? Equations for  Hydraulic Jump Calculations y2/y1 = (1/2)[-1 + (1 + 8Fr12)1/2] ; V1 = Q/(by1) ; and Fr1 = V1/(y1g)1/2. The upstream velocity, V1 and upstream Froude number, Fr1, need to be  calculated  first, using the last two equations, then the downstream depth of flow, y2 can be  calcula

                                       Water - Cement Ratio & Gel – Space Ratio. Abrams' law (also called Abrams' water-cement ratio law) is a concept in civil engineering. The law states the strength of a concrete mix is inversely related to the mass ratio of water to cement. As the water content increases, the strength of concrete decreases. What is the difference between the water-cement ratio and the gel space ratio?  The gel/space ratio is the ratio of the solid products of hydration to the space available for these hydration products. ...  A higher water/cement ratio decreases the gel/space ratio increasing the porosity thereby decreases the strength of concrete. What is the maturity of concrete? Concrete maturity is an index value that represents the progression of concrete curing. It is based on an equation that takes into account concrete temperature, time, and strength gain. Concrete maturity is an accurate way to determine real-time strength values of curing